Purchasing Power Parities (PPPs) - European and International Comparisons Programme

In 2024, Luxembourg and Ireland recorded the highest level of GDP per capita in the EU, at 141% and 111% above the EU average. Bulgaria was the Member State with the lowest GDP per capita, at 34% below the EU average.

Household material welfare varies widely in the EU

 In 2023, the levels of actual individual consumption across EU countries varied between 70% and 136% of the EU-27_2020 average.

For Bulgaria, the per capita volume indices in PPS in 2023 increase compared to 2022 - for AIC from 69 to 70% and for GDP from 62 to 64%, compared to the EU-27_2020 average.

In 2023, price levels for household final consumption expenditure differed widely across the EU. The highest price levels were recorded in Denmark (143% of the EU average). The lowest levels were recorded in Bulgaria and Romania (both with 60%), according to the provisional estimates for 2023.

In 2023, actual individual consumption (AIC) per capita expressed in purchasing power standards (PPS) varied from 70% to 138% of the EU average across the 27 EU countries. In Bulgaria, the level was 26% below the EU average, according to the provisional estimates for 2023.

GDP per capita ranged from 64% to 239% of EU average. In 2023, GDP per capita in Bulgaria was 36% below the average for the EU-27.

EU represented 15.2% of world’s GDP in 2021.

In 2023, Luxembourg and Ireland recorded the highest level of GDP per capita in the EU, at 140% and 112% above the EU average. Bulgaria was the Member State with the lowest GDP per capita, at 36% below the EU average.

Consumption per capita varied between 69% and 138% of the EU average. Between 2020 and 2022, Actual Individual Consumption (AIC) levels increased in 18 EU countries, most notably in Bulgaria (from 60% in 2020 to 69% in 2022 of the EU average).

In 2022, price levels for household final consumption expenditure differed widely across the EU.

The highest price levels were recorded in Ireland (146% of the EU average), Denmark (145%) and Luxembourg (137%). Meanwhile, the lowest levels were recorded in Romania (58%), Bulgaria (59%) and Poland (62%).

GDP per capita ranged from 59% to 261% of EU average.

In 2022, Luxembourg and Ireland recorded the highest level of GDP per capita in the EU, at 161% and 134% above the EU average. Bulgaria was the Member State with the lowest GDP per capita, at 41% below the EU average.

Consumption per capita varied between 65% and 144% of the EU average.

In 2021, price levels for consumer goods and services differed widely across the EU Member States.

Widest is the gap for ‘Restaurants and hotels’ and ‘Alcohol and tobacco’.

GDP per capita ranged from 55% to 277% of the EU average.

In 2021, Luxembourg and Ireland recorded the highest level of GDP per capita in the EU, at 177% and 121% above the EU average. Bulgaria was the Member State with the lowest GDP per capita, at 45% below the EU average.

Consumption per capita varied between 61% and 145% of the EU average.

In 2020, price levels for consumer goods and services differed widely across the EU Member States.

Widest gap for ‘Restaurants and hotels’ and ‘Alcohol and tobacco’.

GDP per capita ranged from 55% to 266% of EU average.

Regional GDP per capita ranged from 32% to 260% of the EU average in 2019.

Consumption per capita varied between 58% and 135% of the EU average.

China, US and EU are the largest economies in the world.

In 2017, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the European Union with 27 Member States (EU) represented 16.0% of world GDP, expressed in Purchasing Power Standards (PPS). China and the United States were the two largest economies, with shares of 16.4% and 16.3% respectively.

In 2018, regional GDP per capita, expressed in terms of purchasing power standards (PPS), ranged from 30% of the European Union (EU) average in Mayotte, an overseas region of France, to 263% in Luxembourg. 

This information is taken from data released by Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union.

Consumption per capita varied between 56% and 134% of the EU average.

Price levels of food and non-alcoholic beverages ranged from 66% of the EU average in Romania to 130% in Denmark in 2018.

In 2017, regional GDP per capita, expressed in terms of purchasing power standards, ranged from 31% of the European Union (EU) average in the Bulgarian region of North-West, to 626% of the average in Inner London - West in the United Kingdom.

This information is taken from data released by Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union.

Consumption per capita varied between 54 and 132% of the EU average.

Wide variation of consumption per capita across EU Member States. GDP per capita ranged from 49% to 253% of EU average.

In 2016, regional GDP per capita, expressed in terms of purchasing power standards, ranged from 29% of the European Union (EU) average in the Bulgarian region of Severozapaden, to 611% of the average in Inner London - West in the United Kingdom.

This information is taken from data released by Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union.

Consumption per capita varied between 53% and 132% of the EU average.

Consumption per capita varied by more than one to two across EU Member States. GDP per capita by almost one to six.

In 2015, regional GDP per capita, expressed in terms of purchasing power standards, ranged from slightly less than 30% of the European Union (EU) average in the Bulgarian region of Severozapaden, to 580% of the average in Inner London - West in the United Kingdom.

This information is taken from data released by Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union.

Consumption per capita varied between 53% and 137% of the EU average.

Consumption per capita varied by almost one to three across EU Member States. GDP per capita by nearly one to six.

In 2014, regional GDP per capita, expressed in terms of purchasing power standards, ranged from 30% of the European Union (EU) average in the Bulgarian region of Severozapaden, to 539% of the average in Inner London-West in the United Kingdom.

This information is taken from data released by Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union.

Consumption per capita varied between 51% and 141% of the EU average.

This News Release is the first on regional GDP based on the ESA 2010 methodology and data transmission programme. All the methodological changes that were implemented at national level as of September 2014 are applied at the regional level as well. The regional GDP release will be accelerated from now on by one year.

In 2013, regional GDP per capita, expressed in terms of purchasing power standards, ranged from 27% of the EU28 average in the French overseas department of Mayotte, to 325% of the average in Inner London in the United Kingdom.

Consumption per capita varied between 49% and 136% of the EU28 average.