Purchasing power parities and GDP per capita in the EU - 2025 - flash estimates

The preliminary 2025 results show that gross domestic product (GDP) per capita - expressed in purchasing power standards to account for price level differences - ranged between 68% of the EU average in Greece and Bulgaria and 239% in Luxembourg. The EU average itself stood at around €41 600 in purchasing power terms, providing the common reference point against which all EU countries are measured.

This information comes from the preliminary estimates of purchasing power parities (PPPs) and GDP for 2025 published by Eurostat. The article presents a handful of findings from the more detailed Statistics Explained article.

Source dataset: prc_ppp_ind_1

In 2025, substantial differences in GDP per capita expressed in purchasing power standards were observed among EU countries. 

Just 10 of the EU’s 27 countries came in above the EU average in 2025, a group accounting for around 34% of the EU total population. Alongside Luxembourg and Ireland, the Netherlands, Denmark, Austria, Germany, Belgium, Sweden, Malta and Finland all exceeded the average.

Much of the rest of the EU clustered within a relatively modest distance of the mean. France, Cyprus, Italy, Czechia, Spain and Slovenia were all within 10% below the EU average, while Lithuania, Portugal and Poland sat roughly 10 - 20% behind.

The lowest level of GDP per capita was registered in Bulgaria and Greece, at 32% below the EU average, and Latvia - at 29% below.

For more information

• Statistics Explained article on purchasing power parities and GDP per capita -preliminary estimate
• Thematic section on purchasing power parities
• Database on purchasing power parities
• Metadata on purchasing power parities
• Purchasing power parities - visualisation tool
• Statistics 4 beginners on GDP

Methodological notes

• PPPs are indicators of price level differences across countries. PPPs tell us how many currency units a given quantity of goods and services costs in different countries. Using PPPs to convert expenditure expressed in national currencies into an artificial common currency, the purchasing power standard (PPS), eliminates the effect of price level differences across countries created by fluctuations in currency exchange rates.
• The GDP per capita figures in this article are compared to the European Union average and measured in PPS for more accurate comparison.
• Preliminary estimates for 2025 presented in this news article are based on GDP and population data for 2025, extracted on 11/03/2026 and the most recent PPPs Revised estimates will be published in June 2026.

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